{"id":177,"date":"2025-02-13T19:55:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T11:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/?p=177"},"modified":"2025-02-16T10:28:09","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T02:28:09","slug":"python%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6%e3%80%90%e9%ad%94%e6%b3%95%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0-args-%e5%92%8c-kwargs%e3%80%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/2025\/02\/13\/python%e8%bf%9b%e9%98%b6%e3%80%90%e9%ad%94%e6%b3%95%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0-args-%e5%92%8c-kwargs%e3%80%91\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u8fdb\u9636\u3010\u9b54\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570 *args \u548c **kwargs\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 Python \u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u201d \u4e00\u822c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u00a0<code>*args<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53d8\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8981\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0b\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08<code>*args<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff08<code>**kwargs<\/code>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528<code>*args<\/code> \u548c<code>**kwargs<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u9b54\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08*args\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<strong>\u5143\u7ec4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<code>*args<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u975e\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c*\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u3002\uff08*\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0cargs\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def sum_numbers(*args):\n    print(type(args)) ##&lt;class 'tuple'>\n    total = 0\n    for num in args:\n        total += num\n    return total\n\nresult = sum_numbers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\nprint(result)  ## \u8f93\u51fa 15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff08**kwargs\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<strong>\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<code>**kwargs<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3002**\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff08dictionary\uff09\u3002\uff08**\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0ckwargs\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def print_info(**kwargs):\n    print(type(kwargs )) ##&lt;class 'dict'>\n    for key, value in kwargs.items():\n        print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n\nprint_info(name=\"ZLS\", age=28, city=\"ShangHai\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001<code>*args<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def example_function(arg1, arg2, *args, **kwargs):\n    print(f\"\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 arg1: {arg1}\") # 1\n    print(f\"\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 arg2: {arg2}\") # 2\n    print(f\"\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570 args: {args}\") # (3,4)\n    print(f\"\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570 kwargs: {kwargs}\") # {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\n\nexample_function(1, 2, 3, 4, key1=\"value1\", key2=\"value2\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u9b54\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff08*args\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c<code>*args<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def calculate_average(*args):\n    if not args:\n        return 0\n    total = sum(args)\n    return total \/ len(args)\n\nprint(calculate_average(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))  # \u8f93\u51fa 3.0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\uff08*args\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5c01\u88c5\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u540e\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def log_function_call(func):\n    def wrapper(*args):\n        print(f\"Call function {func.__name__}\uff0c\u53c2\u6570: {args}\")\n        result = func(*args)\n        print(f\"{func.__name__} \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7ed3\u675f\")\n        return result\n    return wrapper\n\n@log_function_call\ndef add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nprint(add_numbers(3, 5))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<code>wrapper<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528 <code>*args<\/code> \u63a5\u6536\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 <code>add_numbers<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 <code>add_numbers<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u4f20\u9012\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff08**kwargs\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c<code><code>**kwargs<\/code><\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u753b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def draw_pattern(shape_type, **kwargs):\n    print(f\"draw {shape_type} type\")\n    for key, value in kwargs.items():\n        print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n\ndraw_pattern(\"circle\", color=\"red\", radius=5)\ndraw_pattern(\"rectangle\", color=\"blue\", width=10, height=20)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c<code>shape_type<\/code>\u00a0\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u989c\u8272\u3001\u534a\u5f84\u3001\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08**kwargs\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u00a0<code>__init__<\/code>\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class User:\n    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):\n        self.name = name\n        for key, value in kwargs.items():\n            setattr(self, key, value)  #set attribute\n\nuser1 = User(\"ZLS\", age=28, city=\"ShangHai\")\nprint(user1.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa ZLS\nprint(user1.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa 28\nprint(user1.city)  # \u8f93\u51fa ShangHai<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c<code>__init__<\/code>\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u63a5\u6536\u9664\u00a0<code>name<\/code>\u00a0\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0<code>setattr<\/code>\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08*args +**kwargs\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u4e2d\uff0c<code>*args<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b50\u7c7b\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u9012\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class ParentClass:\n    def some_method(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        print(\"\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\")\n        print(f\"\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570: {args}\")\n        print(f\"\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570: {kwargs}\")\n\nclass ChildClass(ParentClass):\n    def some_method(self, *args, **kwargs):\n        print(\"\u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\")\n        super().some_method(*args, **kwargs)\n\nchild = ChildClass()\nchild.some_method(1, 2, key=\"value\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u00a0<code>ChildClass<\/code>\u00a0\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u00a0<code>ParentClass<\/code>\u00a0\u7684\u00a0<code>some_method<\/code>\u00a0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code>super().some_method(*args, **kwargs)<\/code>\u00a0\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u901a\u7528\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u65f6\uff0c<code>*args<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u610f\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>import time\n\ndef measure_time(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        start_time = time.time()\n        result = func(*args, **kwargs)\n        end_time = time.time()\n        print(f\"{func.__name__} \u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4: {end_time - start_time} \u79d2\")\n        return result\n    return wrapper\n\n@measure_time\ndef complex_function(a, b, c=3, d=4):\n    time.sleep(1)\n    return a + b + c + d\n\nprint(complex_function(1, 2, d=5))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c<code>wrapper<\/code>\u00a0\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0<code>*args<\/code>\u00a0\u548c\u00a0<code>**kwargs<\/code>\u00a0\u63a5\u6536\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u8c03\u7528\u3002<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b9\u4fbf\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u6269\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u964d\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u54ea\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8c03\u8bd5\u96be\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0b\u3002 \u5728 Python \u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u9b54\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u201d \u4e00\u822c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u00a0*args\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[31],"class_list":["post-177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python","tag-python"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":192,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/177\/revisions\/192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=177"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhangliangshan.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}